IONIC LIQUIDS, METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES, AND ENZYMES IN SYNTHESIS OF 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES

Abstract

This microreview is devoted to the specific recent synthetic approaches toward 1,4-dihydropyridines which represent significant group of N-containing heterocycles due to the wide applications of their pharmacological activities. Mainly 1,4-dihydropyridines are synthesized in Hantzsch reaction and its modifications. Nowadays a number of strategies and various catalysts or catalytic systems have been developed to improve the yields of 1,4-dihydropyridines and to reduce chemical impact on environment. Here the contemporary synthetic aspects from last five years such as use of ionic liquids, metal oxide nanoparticles and some reports about enzymatic approaches are discussed.