TRANSITION-METAL-CATALYZED CARBONYLATION OF C(sp²)–H BONDS WITH CO₂ TO GENERATE HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

Abstract

This microreview summarizes the advances in C(sp²)–H bond carbonylation reactions with CO₂ catalyzed by transition metals over the past seven years (2018–2024). The reviewed reactions yield two kinds of heterocyclic compounds (lactones and lactams), which are frequently found in chemicals, pharmaceuticals, natural goods, and economically valuable raw materials. This review is structured based on the transition metal catalysts employed in the reactions highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and products of each reaction category.